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Inclusion

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Inclusion, socio-economic, also referred to as simply ‘social inclusion’, is a ‘reactive’ concept that cannot be defined without first defining its opposite, namely social exclusion. Social exclusion is used to generally indicate processes and structural arrangements producing the marginalisation and alienation within a given society. Social exclusion comprises many dimensions (social, economic, cultural, relational and political) that, when interacting and being summed up, produce the disenfranchisement and total lack of broadly defined social participation on the side of individuals and/or social groups. It is usually relates to individuals’ social class, educational status and living standards, but also increasingly to disabilities, ethnic and race identity and positioning, age (elderly people), gender. All these features have an impact on individuals’ access to various opportunities. Social inclusion is the other side of the coin. It mostly refers to policies and affirmative actions that aim at changing the structural situations and the individual attitudes leading to social exclusion.